A2P (Application to Person) messaging has underpinned this transformation, across a wealth of new use cases and new verticals. Historically, A2P was used for alerts and, as PSMS (Premium SMS), as a billing mechanism and carrier for simple content and services, both for one-off downloads or actions (eg voting) and for recurring payments. The latter use case has declined markedly in the past 5 years, due largely to the transition to an app-based economy, largely driven by card billing and by regulatory action (in markets such as the US and UK) against fraudsters.
